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Home Respiratory Polygraphy and Spirometry in Normal Weight and Children with Obesity Suspected for Obstructive Sleep

Regula Corbelli1, Constance Barazzone1, Carole Grasset Salomon2

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland.

Pulmonary Medicine
|February 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with obesity are prone to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study found OSAS prevalence linked to BMI z-score, but lung function abnormalities were more common in normal-weight children with OSAS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pediatric Obesity

Background:

  • Obesity in children and adolescents is linked to increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).
  • Limited literature exists on the association between OSAS, lung function, and adiposity in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), lung function, and adiposity in children suspected of OSAS.
  • To analyze the correlation between body mass index z-score (zBMI), polysomnography, and spirometry data.

Main Methods:

  • Home respiratory polygraphy and spirometry were performed on 81 children and adolescents (ages 5-16).
  • Data analysis focused on relationships between zBMI, OSAS severity (Apnea-Hypopnea Index - AHI), and spirometry parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio).

Main Results:

  • 43.2% of participants were diagnosed with OSAS; prevalence correlated with BMI z-score.
  • No direct correlation was found between respiratory polygraphy and zBMI.
  • Abnormal spirometry values (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) were observed, with FVC and FEV1/FVC z-scores positively related to obesity and negatively to normal weight.
  • FEV1 z-scores inversely correlated with oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 90%.
  • All subjects with abnormal spirometry had at least mild OSAS, particularly normal-weight children.

Conclusions:

  • OSAS prevalence is strongly related to BMI z-score in children, while spirometric values show different patterns based on weight status.
  • Normal-weight children with OSAS were more likely to have reduced FEV1, whereas obese children showed lower FEV1/FVC ratios.
  • Abnormal lung function in subjects with suspected OSAS was consistently associated with the presence of OSAS, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluation.
Abstract

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