Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose
Published on: March 30, 2012
Variations in volatile flavour compounds in Crataegi fructus roasting revealed by E-nose and HS-GC-MS
Chenghao Fei1, Qianqian Xue1, Wenjing Li1
1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Introduction:
Crataegi fructus (CF) is an edible and medicinal functional food used worldwide that enhances digestion if consumed in the roasted form. The odour of CF, as a measure of processing degree during roasting, significantly changes. However, the changes remain unclear, but are worth exploring.
Methods:
Herein, the variations in volatile flavour compounds due to CF roasting were investigated using an electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS).
Results:
A total of 54 components were identified by GC-MS. Aldehydes, ketones, esters, and furans showed the most significant changes. The Maillard reaction, Strecker degradation, and fatty acid oxidation and degradation are the main reactions that occur during roasting. The results of grey relational analysis (GRA) showed that 25 volatile compounds were closely related to odour (r > 0.9). Finally, 9 volatile components [relative odour activity value, (ROAV) ≥ 1] were confirmed as key substances causing odour changes.
Discussion:
This study not only achieves the objectification of odour evaluation during food processing, but also verifies the applicability and similarity of the E-nose and HS-GC-MS.
More Related Videos
05:29Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 9, 2021
08:43PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis
Published on: May 11, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Volatilization
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation
NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones
Olfaction
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...