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New insights into the base catalyzed depolymerization of technical lignins: a systematic comparison.

Rajeesh Kumar Pazhavelikkakath Purushothaman1, Gijs van Erven1,2, Daan S van Es1

  • 1Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Bornse Weilanden 9 6708 WG Wageningen The Netherlands richard.gosselink@wur.nl rajeesh.pazhavelikkakathpurushothaman@wur.nl.

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Summary

Base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of technical lignins yields valuable lignin oils and condensed aromatic residues. This study characterizes these fractions, revealing insights into lignin deconstruction and recombination for improved valorization.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomass Conversion and Biorefining
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Technical lignins from various botanical sources and pulping methods present diverse structures.
  • Efficient depolymerization methods are crucial for lignin valorization into value-added chemicals.
  • Base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) is a promising route for lignin breakdown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of diverse technical lignins.
  • To quantify and structurally characterize the resulting lignin oil and residue fractions.
  • To elucidate the influence of BCD process conditions and feedstock on product yields and structures.

Main Methods:

  • BCD of five technical lignins (herbaceous, hardwood, softwood from soda, kraft, organosolv pulping).
  • Characterization of lignin oil and residue using SEC, GC-MS, GC-FID, GC×GC-FID, 13C-NMR, HSQC NMR, DEPT-135, 31P NMR, and elemental analysis.
  • Evaluation of depolymerization efficiency via lignin conversion, oil yield, monomer selectivity, and residue/char production.

Main Results:

  • Lignin oil yields ranged from 20-31% (w/w) with 48-57% (w/w) total monomer content.
  • Lignin oils contained dimers/oligomers with non-native interunit linkages, indicating deconstruction-recombination.
  • Residues (43-70% w/w) were identified as condensed aromatic materials, not unreacted lignin, with lower molecular weights and higher phenolic content.

Conclusions:

  • BCD effectively deconstructs diverse technical lignins into monomeric phenols and condensed aromatic residues.
  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of BCD, highlighting feedstock-dependent outcomes.
  • Characterization of both fractions is key for the complete valorization of BCD-derived lignin streams.