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Related Concept Videos

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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HIV-1 transmission: modelling and direct visualization in the third dimension.

Charles A Coomer1,2, Sergi Padilla-Parra1,3,4

  • 1Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.

Microscopy (Oxford, England)
|February 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organoids offer a novel, physiologically relevant model for studying human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mucosal entry. This approach may reveal new therapeutic targets to block HIV-1 transmission.

Keywords:
HIV-1 entryimaging HIV-1 in tissuemucosal immunitytwo-photon FLIM metabolismtwo-photon microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Organoid Technology

Background:

  • Understanding initial human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mucosal entry is crucial for developing effective transmission-blocking strategies.
  • Current models, including 2D cell cultures and animal studies, have limitations in replicating the complex physiological environment of mucosal tissues.
  • 2D cultures fail to mimic the niche influencing viral entry, while animal models present challenges in human disease pathophysiology and cost.

Approach:

  • This review explores the potential of organoids as a physiologically relevant, high-throughput model for studying HIV-1 mucosal transmission.
  • Organoids mimic the biophysical and biochemical niche of mucosal tissues, offering a compromise between 2D cultures and animal models.
  • Quantitative light microscopy techniques can be employed to observe events following viral inoculation within organoid models.

Key Points:

  • Organoids provide a unique platform to recapitulate key physiological factors of HIV-1 transmission at mucosal sites.
  • The review discusses the current limitations of organoid models in HIV-1 research and outlines questions that can be addressed.
  • Direct observation of HIV-1 entry in organoids using microscopy can yield significant insights.

Conclusions:

  • Harnessing organoids for studying HIV-1 mucosal entry can uncover novel therapeutic targets.
  • This approach holds promise for developing strategies to prevent the establishment of HIV-1 infection.
  • Organoid technology represents a significant advancement in HIV-1 transmission research.