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Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Site-Directed Immobilization of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 to Solid Surfaces by Click Chemistry

Published on: March 29, 2018

Bone-Targeting Exosome Mimetics Engineered by Bioorthogonal Surface Functionalization for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Chung-Sung Lee¹, Jiabing Fan¹, Hee Sook Hwang¹

¹Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

|February 10, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered exosome mimetics (EMs) target bone effectively, enhancing bone regeneration. This nanomedicine approach improves localized therapy and minimizes side effects for bone disease treatment.

Keywords:

Exosome mimetics bioorthogonal engineering bone targeting click chemistry drug delivery

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Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

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Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanomedicine
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Extracellular vesicles are promising biocarriers but require improved delivery strategies.
Efficient localized delivery is crucial for therapeutic efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.
Targeted delivery systems are needed for effective bone regeneration therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop exosome mimetics (EMs) for targeted bone delivery.
To enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration using engineered EMs.
To investigate the potential of EMs as a nanomedicine approach for bone diseases.

Main Methods:

Bioorthogonal functionalization of EMs with hydroxyapatite-binding moieties.
Verification of bone-binding ability using hydroxyapatite scaffolds and ex vivo assays.
Incorporation of Smoothened agonist (SAG) into EMs to activate hedgehog signaling.
In vivo studies to assess reossification and biodistribution.

Main Results:

Engineered EMs demonstrated specific bone-binding capabilities.
EM-bound constructs supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation.
SAG-loaded EMs significantly enhanced osteogenic capacity and in vivo reossification.
Biodistribution studies confirmed EMs' accumulation in bone tissue.

Conclusions:

Facile engineering of exosome mimetics enables targeted bone delivery.
This strategy promotes bone regeneration and offers a promising nanomedicine approach.
The developed system holds potential for treating bone diseases and improving bone repair.