Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Microspheres Ameliorate Atherosclerosis Progression In Vitro

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with lipid deposition, which could be converted into acute clinical events by thrombosis or plaque rupture. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-encapsulated repair units could be an effective cure for the treatment of AS patients. In this study, we encapsulate human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in collagen microspheres to fabricate stem cell repair units. Besides, we show that encapsulation in collagen microspheres and cultured in vitro for 14 days maintain the viability and stemness of hADSCs. Moreover, we generate AS progression model and niche in vitro by combining hyperlipemia serum of AS patients with AS cell models. We further systematically demonstrate that hADSC-based microspheres could ameliorate AS progression by inhibiting oxidative stress injury, cell apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid accumulation. In addition, we perform transcriptomic analysis and functional studies to demonstrate how hADSCs (three dimensional cultured in microspheres) respond to AS niche compared with healthy microenvironment. These findings reveal a role for ADSC-based microspheres in the treatment of AS and provide new ideas for stem cell therapy in cardiovascular disease. The results may have implications for improving the efficiency of hADSC therapies by illuminating the mechanisms of hADSCs exposed in special pathological niche.