Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

93.2K
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
93.2K
Thomson's e/m Experiment01:19

Thomson's e/m Experiment

4.0K
In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The...
4.0K
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

25.5K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
25.5K
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

10.0K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
10.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

1.3K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
1.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

715
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
715

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutron-Multiplicity Measurement in Muon Capture on Oxygen Nuclei in the Gadolinium-Loaded Super-Kamiokande Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Search for Periodic Time Variations of the Solar ^{8}B Neutrino Flux between 1996 and 2018 in Super-Kamiokande.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Erratum: Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 031802 (2023)].

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using <math><mrow><mn>3.6</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>21</mn></msup></mrow></math> protons on target.

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields·2023
Same author

Search for Electron Antineutrino Appearance in a Long-Baseline Muon Antineutrino Beam.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Search for CP Violation in Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations by the T2K Experiment with 2.2×10^{21} Protons on Target.

Physical review letters·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
06:28

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Published on: January 30, 2020

12.7K

Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande.

K Abe1,2, Y Hayato1,2, K Hiraide1,2

  • 1Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|February 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Super-Kamiokande searched for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter using proton recoils. No excess was found, setting new stringent limits on dark matter interactions and properties.

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K
Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
11:27

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
06:28

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Published on: January 30, 2020

12.7K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K
Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
11:27

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Dark matter remains a significant mystery in physics.
  • Cosmic-ray boosted dark matter offers a novel detection channel.
  • Super-Kamiokande's large detector volume is suitable for rare event searches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for evidence of cosmic-ray boosted dark matter interacting with protons.
  • To establish experimental limits on dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections.
  • To explore dark matter models with constant interaction cross sections or scalar mediators.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 0.37 megaton×years of data from the Super-Kamiokande (SKI-IV phase) experiment (1996-2018).
  • Searched for an excess of proton recoils originating from the Galactic Center.
  • Applied directional information for the first time in a boosted dark matter search with hadrons.

Main Results:

  • No significant excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background was observed.
  • Established the most stringent limits to date on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter.
  • Excluded dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections between 10⁻³³ cm² and 10⁻²⁷ cm² for dark matter masses from 1 MeV/c² to 300 MeV/c².

Conclusions:

  • The search places significant constraints on boosted dark matter models.
  • This study represents a pioneering experimental effort in detecting boosted dark matter via hadronic signals.
  • The results contribute to narrowing down the parameter space for viable dark matter candidates.