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Optimizing calcium materials for minimizing arsenate phytoavailability in upland arable soil based on geochemical

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Summary

Calcite and phosphogypsum reduce plant-available arsenate (As(V)) in soils. Phosphogypsum offers faster immobilization via substitution, while calcite uses precipitation, forming more stable minerals.

Keywords:
ArsenateGeochemical analysisPhosphogypsumPrecipitationSubstitution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Arsenate (As(V)) contamination in soils poses risks to plant uptake and food safety.
  • Understanding As(V) immobilization mechanisms is crucial for soil remediation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of calcite and phosphogypsum in reducing As(V) availability to plants.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of As(V) immobilization by these amendments.

Main Methods:

  • Soil incubation experiments with calcite and phosphogypsum amendments.
  • Analysis of As(V) phytoavailability using plant assays.
  • Characterization of immobilization mechanisms using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Main Results:

  • Calcite and phosphogypsum significantly decreased available As(V) by 17.4% and 36.9%, respectively.
  • Calcite induced As(V) immobilization primarily through precipitation at pH > 8.0, forming new Ca-As(V) minerals.
  • Phosphogypsum facilitated As(V) immobilization via sulfate-arsenate substitution at pH 5-7, a faster but less stable process.

Conclusions:

  • Both calcite and phosphogypsum effectively reduce As(V) availability in upland arable soils.
  • The choice of amendment depends on soil pH and desired stability, with calcite offering more stable immobilization at higher pH.
  • Phosphogypsum-induced substitution is a practical mechanism for As(V) management in slightly acidic to neutral soils.