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Switch them off or not: selective rRNA gene repression in grasses.

Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska1, Serhii Mykhailyk1, Ewa Robaszkiewicz1

  • 1Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-032, Poland.

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|February 10, 2023
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Summary

Nucleolar dominance (ND) epigenetically silences rDNA in allopolyploids, particularly in grasses. This review examines ND in grasses, focusing on the model plant Brachypodium hybridum and genomic insights into nucleolar organiser regions (NORs).

Keywords:
35S rRNA genesallopolyploidyepigeneticsgrassesnucleolar dominanceregulation of gene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Nucleolar dominance (ND) is the epigenetic silencing of specific ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci in allopolyploids.
  • This phenomenon often results in the inactivation of nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) from ancestral genomes.
  • Grasses, a vital plant group, frequently undergo hybridization and polyploidization, making them key subjects for studying ND.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common and unique features of nucleolar dominance in grasses.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding ND from cytogenetic, molecular, and genomic viewpoints.
  • To discuss the application of modern genomic approaches in deciphering NOR structures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nucleolar dominance in grasses.
  • Cytogenetic, molecular, and genomic analyses of ND phenomena.
  • Focus on the allotetraploid model grass, Brachypodium hybridum, for population-level ND studies.

Main Results:

  • ND is a common feature in grasses, impacting NORs inherited from ancestors.
  • Brachypodium hybridum serves as a valuable model for studying population-level ND.
  • Genomic approaches are crucial for understanding the structural basis of NORs and ND.

Conclusions:

  • ND in grasses shares commonalities but also exhibits unique characteristics.
  • Further research using genomic tools in model systems like Brachypodium hybridum can elucidate ND mechanisms.
  • Understanding ND is vital for comprehending genome evolution and stability in polyploid grasses.