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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Flat variable liquid crystal diffractive spiral axicon enabling perfect vortex beams generation.

Javier Pereiro-García¹, Mario García-de-Blas², Morten Andreas Geday³

¹CEMDATIC, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, 28040, Madrid, Spain. javier.pereiro.garcia@upm.es.

Scientific Reports

|February 10, 2023

Summary

This study presents a switchable liquid crystal diffractive spiral axicon (DSA) with 24 configurations. The tunable DSA offers variable output angles for diverse optical applications.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Diffractive spiral axicons (DSAs) are optical elements that generate Bessel beams.
Tunable and reconfigurable optical devices are crucial for advanced photonic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a transparent, switchable diffractive spiral axicon (DSA) using a single liquid crystal (LC) cell.
To demonstrate a variable output angle based on applied topological charge.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of the DSA using direct laser writing on indium-tin oxide coated glass substrates.
Utilizing liquid crystals to modulate the phase of an incoming beam.
Designing 24 individually driven spiral electrodes for specific phase retardations.

Main Results:

A transparent variable DSA with 24 distinct configurations (12 convergent, 12 divergent) was successfully manufactured.
The output angle was shown to be controllable by the applied topological charge.
Experimental performance was validated and compared against simulations.

Conclusions:

The developed tunable DSA offers a versatile platform for beam shaping applications.
The liquid crystal-based approach provides a practical method for creating reconfigurable optical elements.