Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus01:19

Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus

159
Root loci often diverge as system poles shift from the real axis to the complex plane. Key points in this transition are the breakaway and break-in points, indicating where the root locus leaves and reenters the real axis. The branches of the root locus form an angle of 180/n degrees with the real axis, where n is the number of branches at a breakaway or break-in point.
The maximum gain occurs at the breakaway points between open-loop poles on the real axis, while the minimum gain is...
159
Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

31.0K
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
31.0K
Maximum Deflection01:13

Maximum Deflection

568
When analyzing beams under unsymmetrical loads, such as a train moving on a bridge, it is crucial to accurately determine the points of maximum stress and deflection. The process involves identifying the maximum deflection of the beam, which may not always occur at its midpoint due to the uneven distribution of the load.
The maximum deflection occurs at a specific point, known as point O, where the tangent to the deflection curve is horizontal. To find point O, the slope of the tangent at any...
568
Properties of the Root Locus01:05

Properties of the Root Locus

153
The root locus method is an invaluable tool for analyzing higher-order systems without needing to factor the denominator of the transfer function. A pole of the system is identified when the characteristic polynomial in the transfer function's denominator equals zero.
To determine if a point lies on the root locus, the criterion involves the sum of angles contributed by all poles and zeros to that point. Specifically, this sum must be an odd multiple of 180 degrees. The gain at any point on...
153
Root-Locus Method01:19

Root-Locus Method

198
A cruise control system in a car is designed to maintain a specified speed automatically by adjusting the gas pedal. The system continuously measures the vehicle's speed and makes fine adjustments to the pedal to achieve this goal. The root locus method is particularly useful for understanding how the cruise control system's behavior changes under varying conditions, such as when the car goes uphill, downhill, or faces strong wind resistance.
This system can be represented by a block...
198
Construction of Root Locus01:15

Construction of Root Locus

157
The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain...
157

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cell Cycle Commitment and the Origins of Cell Cycle Variability.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2021
Same author

Cell cycle arrest in replicative senescence is not an immediate consequence of telomere dysfunction.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2019
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth
10:50

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth

Published on: April 8, 2020

9.7K

Commentary: locating the restriction point.

Robert F Brooks1

  • 1Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Mailpoint J2A, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK. rbrooks@sgul.ac.uk.

Cell Division
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mapping the mammalian cell cycle restriction point is complex. New findings suggest mitogen independence is a poor indicator, proposing CDK4,6 inhibitor insensitivity as a better measure for cell cycle commitment.

Keywords:
Cell cycle commitmentCyclin DCyclin ECyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4,6)Mitogen stimulationPalbociclibQuiescenceRestriction pointRetinoblastoma protein (RB)

More Related Videos

Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves
06:26

Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves

Published on: January 12, 2024

460
Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
13:32

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: July 8, 2013

22.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth
10:50

A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth

Published on: April 8, 2020

9.7K
Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves
06:26

Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves

Published on: January 12, 2024

460
Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
13:32

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: July 8, 2013

22.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulation

Background:

  • Traditional methods for mapping the cell cycle restriction point rely on mitogen stimulation and assessing S phase entry.
  • This approach assumes immediate cessation of cell cycle commitment upon stimulus removal, which kinetic analysis challenges.

Discussion:

  • Kinetic analysis reveals a residual probability of cell cycle commitment after mitogen withdrawal, indicating brief mitogen exposure does not reflect early restriction point passage.
  • Mitogen-regulated processes influencing commitment probability are located closer to the onset of S phase.

Key Insights:

  • Mitogen independence is an unreliable marker for precise cell cycle commitment timing.
  • Insensitivity to CDK4,6 inhibitors, like palbociclib, offers a more accurate measure of cell cycle commitment.
  • This insensitivity correlates with the cessation of Retinoblastoma Protein (RB) hyperphosphorylation's dependence on mitogen-signaling pathways regulating CDK4,6/cyclin D activity.

Outlook:

  • Revising cell cycle mapping strategies to incorporate more accurate commitment indicators.
  • Further investigation into the precise mechanisms of CDK4,6/cyclin D regulation and RB phosphorylation in cell cycle progression.