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Head and Neck Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Biological Aspects of Preclinical and Clinical Research
Rajdeep Chakraborty1, Charbel Darido2,3, Fei Liu4
1Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Abstract:
Breakthrough research in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the development of a human papilloma virus vaccine triggered a plethora of research in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Both had significant effects on the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The advent of preclinical models and multidisciplinary approaches including bioinformatics, genetic engineering, clinical oncology, and immunology helped in the development of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Here, we discuss different immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, interleukins, and cancer vaccines for the treatment of head and neck cancer. This review showcases the intrinsic relation between the understanding and implementation of basic biology and clinical practice. We also address potential limitations of each immunotherapy approach and the advantages of personalized immunotherapy. Overall, the aim of this review is to encourage further research in the field of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer.
Insights
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, has advanced head and neck cancer treatment. Research explores adoptive T-cell transfer, interleukins, and personalized approaches for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and HPV vaccines have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy.
- Significant progress has been made in treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current immunotherapies for head and neck cancer.
- To highlight the link between basic science and clinical application.
- To discuss limitations and personalized strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical models and multidisciplinary research.
- Analysis of adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, interleukins, and cancer vaccines.
- Exploration of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.
Main Results:
- Diverse immunotherapies show promise for head and neck cancer.
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAR T-cell therapy are key developments.
- Understanding basic biology is crucial for clinical implementation.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy offers significant potential for head and neck cancer.
- Personalized immunotherapy presents advantages and requires further research.
- Continued investigation into immunotherapy is vital for improving patient outcomes.
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