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Diagnostic Approach to Enteric Disorders in Pigs.

Andrea Luppi1, Giulia D'Annunzio1, Camilla Torreggiani1

  • 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.

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Summary

Diagnosing enteric disorders in pigs requires a differential approach due to multifactorial causes and asymptomatic pathogens. Proper sampling is crucial for accurate etiological diagnosis and tailored control strategies for swine enteric diseases.

Keywords:
diagnosisenteric diseasespig

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Pathology
  • Swine Health

Background:

  • Enteric disorders in pigs present significant diagnostic challenges due to multifactorial etiologies and the presence of subclinical pathogens.
  • Co-infections with various microorganisms, including Clostridium perfringens type A, Rotavirus, and Lawsonia intracellularis, are common and complicate diagnosis.
  • Pathogen-specific control strategies necessitate accurate etiological diagnosis for effective treatment and disease management in swine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a comprehensive diagnostic approach for enteric disorders in pigs, from initial sampling to etiological identification.
  • To emphasize the importance of correct sampling techniques for histological and other laboratory analyses in swine enteric disease diagnosis.
  • To address the diagnostic complexities associated with various pathogens affecting pigs across different production phases.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on a differential diagnostic strategy to identify causative agents of enteric disease in pigs.
  • Highlight the critical role of appropriate intestinal sample collection for histopathology, considered the gold standard for many enteric conditions.
  • Discuss the diagnostic workflow from farm sampling to laboratory-based etiological diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis of swine enteric disorders is hampered by multifactorial causes and the potential for pathogens to exist without clinical signs.
  • Histology is a key diagnostic tool, requiring representative intestinal samples for reliable results.
  • Pathogen-specific diagnosis is essential for developing effective, tailored control and treatment plans for enteric diseases in pigs.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic, differential diagnostic approach is indispensable for managing enteric diseases in pigs.
  • Correct sampling techniques are fundamental for accurate laboratory diagnosis and subsequent intervention strategies.
  • Understanding the specific pathogens and their interactions is key to controlling enteric disorders throughout pig production.