Intraoral Ultrasonography for Periodontal Tissue Exploration: A Review

This systematic review aims to investigate the possibilities of ultrasound imaging in the field of periodontal tissues exploration to visualize periodontal anatomical structures and to assess reliability in clinical evaluation using the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search through the MEDLINE database was realized to identify studies that have explored ultrasonography in the field of periodontal imaging published from 2000 to March 2022. The search resulted in 245 records; after exclusions, a total of 15 papers were included in the present review. Various publications have shown the possibility of using intraoral ultrasound for a precise exploration of intraoral tissues and to perform measurements of periodontal structures. Studies argue that ultrasounds open the prospect of a complete paradigm shift on the diagnosis and follow-up of periodontal disease. However, there is currently no clinical device dedicated to periodontal ultrasound. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to explore the large field of applications from periodontal assessment to treatment reassessment, including surgery. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop special intraoral ultrasound device and explore the possibilities of clinical periodontal applications.