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Microstructural Changes in the Corpus Callosum in Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

Paulo Rogério Julio1,2, Thais Caldeira3, Gustavo Retuci Pinheiro3

  • 1Graduate Student at Child and Adolescent Health Program, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil.

Cells
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients show greater corpus callosum microstructural changes than adult-onset SLE (aSLE) patients, potentially explaining cognitive impairment. Further longitudinal studies are needed.

Keywords:
aSLEatrophycSLEcorpus callosum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is common in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), affecting over 50% of patients.
  • Structural MRI studies indicate cerebral atrophy and corpus callosum/hippocampus involvement, linked to cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare microstructural changes in the corpus callosum between patients with cSLE and adult-onset SLE (aSLE).
  • To identify associations between microstructural changes and clinical/immunological features in cSLE.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study including 71 cSLE patients, 49 aSLE patients, and 58 healthy controls.
  • All participants underwent 3T MRI. Corpus callosum segmentation was automated.
  • Clinical and immunological data were extracted from medical charts.

Main Results:

  • cSLE and aSLE patients showed reduced mid-sagittal corpus callosum area in the posterior region compared to controls.
  • cSLE patients exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) in the corpus callosum compared to aSLE patients.
  • Microstructural changes correlated with low complement, anticardiolipin antibodies, and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with cSLE demonstrate more pronounced microstructural corpus callosum alterations than those with aSLE.
  • These findings may underlie the poorer cognitive function and disability observed in cSLE patients.
  • Longitudinal studies are recommended to track these neurodegenerative changes.