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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

2.9K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

48.3K
Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

587
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
587
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.2K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

1.9K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
1.9K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

9.1K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Identification of Shared Regulators of IgE- and MRGPRX2-Dependent Degranulation in Human Mast Cells.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

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B Cell Signaling and Activation in Autoimmunity.

Rudi W Hendriks1, Odilia B J Corneth1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Cells
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Autoreactive B cells are central to initiating and worsening autoimmune diseases. Understanding their role is crucial for developing new treatments for these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Autoreactive B cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune disorders.
  • These cells contribute to both the onset and exacerbation of systemic and tissue-specific autoimmune conditions.

Discussion:

  • The precise mechanisms by which autoreactive B cells drive autoimmunity require further elucidation.
  • Targeting autoreactive B cell pathways presents a potential therapeutic strategy.

Key Insights:

  • Autoreactive B cells are critical players in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • Identifying and understanding these cells is fundamental for advancing autoimmune disorder research.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on dissecting the specific functions and regulatory networks of autoreactive B cells.

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  • Developing targeted immunotherapies aimed at controlling autoreactive B cell activity holds promise for treating autoimmune conditions.