Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol Exert Antimicrobial Activity without Compromising Skin Microbiota

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Microbiology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are key phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.
• Limited data exists on the antimicrobial activity of CBG.
• Investigating CBD and CBG's antimicrobial potential is crucial for novel therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of CBD and CBG against planktonic bacteria and biofilms.
• To determine the minimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations for specific bacterial strains.
• To assess the efficacy of CBG as a cosmetic preservative and its impact on skin microbiota.

Main Methods:

• Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) assays.
• Biofilm inhibition and removal assays.
• Inhibition of Staphylococcus adhesion to keratinocytes.
• USP 51 challenge test for cosmetic preservative efficacy.

Main Results:

• Both CBD and CBG exhibited activity against planktonic bacteria and biofilms.
• Mature biofilms were removed by both cannabinoids at sub-inhibitory concentrations.
• CBG showed higher efficacy than CBD in inhibiting Staphylococcus adhesion and met USP 51 criteria for cosmetic preservation.
• The tested formulation did not negatively affect skin microbiota.

Conclusions:

• CBD and CBG possess significant antimicrobial properties, including biofilm removal.
• CBG demonstrates potential as an effective and safe preservative ingredient for cosmetic formulations.
• Phytocannabinoids, particularly CBG, are promising candidates for topical antimicrobial agents in dermatological applications.
• Further research into the mechanisms of action is needed for clinical translation.