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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis
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Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

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Microvascular Thrombosis as a Critical Factor in Severe COVID-19

Patricia P Wadowski1,2, Benjamin Panzer3, Alicja Józkowicz2

  • 1Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupts platelet-endothelial interactions, leading to microvascular damage and thrombosis. This microthrombosis is a key factor in severe COVID-19 progression and tissue ischemia.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Platelet-endothelial interactions are vital for microcirculation and tissue homeostasis.
  • The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly disrupts this balance, affecting Virchow's triad.
  • Severe COVID-19 involves complex pathomechanisms impacting endothelial integrity and coagulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the pathological processes underlying microvascular endothelial activation in COVID-19.
  • To explore the role of thrombosis in the deterioration of severe COVID-19 patient outcomes.
  • To highlight the link between endothelial damage and microthrombosis in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on COVID-19 and its impact on the vascular system.
  • Analysis of pathomechanisms contributing to endothelial damage and microthrombosis.
  • Discussion of Virchow's triad components in the context of COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 triggers endotheliitis, vasculitis, and glycocalyx degradation.
  • Alterations in blood flow, viscosity, and neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to endothelial damage.
  • Microparticle shedding and microthrombosis lead to capillary plugging and tissue ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • Microvascular endothelial activation and thrombosis are critical adverse factors in severe COVID-19.
  • These processes contribute significantly to disease severity and patient prognosis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing severe COVID-19.

Keywords:
capillariescoronavirus disease 2019glycocalyxmicrocirculationplateletsthromboinflammationthrombosis

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