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Aging Effects on Optic Nerve Neurodegeneration.

Janet Coleman-Belin1, Alon Harris1, Bo Chen1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age-related damage to the optic nerve contributes to ocular diseases. Understanding these neurodegenerative changes is key to developing targeted treatments for conditions like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.

Keywords:
active agingdiabetic retinopathyembryologyglaucomainflammationneurodegenerationneuroregenerationoptic nerveoxidative stresssenescence

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related damage to the optic nerve is a common risk factor for various ocular pathologies.
  • Understanding these non-pathologic changes is crucial for developing effective treatments for vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve.
  • To contextualize these changes from anatomical to molecular levels and their link to ocular pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on age-related optic nerve degeneration.
  • Analysis of structural, mechanical, epigenetic, and biochemical alterations.
  • Examination of extracellular matrix remodeling, retinal ganglion cell loss, and axonal regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Aging causes structural and mechanical changes at the optic nerve head (ONH).
  • Epigenetic and biochemical alterations drive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss.
  • Aging impairs myelin conductivity and promotes RGC axonal death via glial cell overcompensation.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into human optic nerve aging, ECM, RGCs, and glial cells is needed.
  • Clarifying age-related connective tissue alterations and developing targeted therapies are essential.
  • Management of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other blinding diseases must consider age-related changes.