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Longevity, Centenarians and Modified Cellular Proteodynamics.

Natalia Frankowska1, Ewa Bryl2, Tamas Fulop3

  • 1Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular protein maintenance in centenarians is robust, with proteodynamics approaching young levels. This suggests enhanced cellular quality control contributes to exceptional longevity.

Keywords:
autophagycentenariansgeroproteomelongevityproteodynamicsproteostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intracellular proteolytic systems are crucial for protein homeostasis.
  • Previous studies indicated similar proteolytic system abundance in centenarian and young lymphocytes, contrasting with the elderly.
  • Limited data exists on cellular protein maintenance in nonagenarians and supercentenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cells of longevous individuals maintain protein quality and quantity.
  • To determine if robust proteodynamics contribute to longevity.
  • To test the hypothesis that centenarian cellular proteome maintenance factors perform better than average elderly individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular proteodynamics, including DNA quality, epigenetics, transcription (mRNA, noncoding RNA), translation, and posttranslational modifications.
  • Assessment of protein degradation pathways like autophagy.
  • Evaluation of mitochondrial function and ATP production.

Main Results:

  • Most cellular protein maintenance aspects performed better in centenarians than in the average elderly.
  • Centenarian cellular functions approached levels observed in young individuals.
  • Mitochondrial function and chaperone activity were exceptions, showing less improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Robust proteodynamics, encompassing DNA integrity, RNA processing, translation, and protein degradation, are characteristic of centenarians.
  • These enhanced cellular maintenance mechanisms likely contribute to exceptional longevity.
  • While most cellular functions are preserved, mitochondrial ATP production and chaperone function may be less critical or differently regulated in extreme longevity.