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Endothelial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Yao-Ching Fang1, Yi-Chen Hsieh2, Chaur-Jong Hu1,3

  • 1Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 11, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebrovascular dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier issues, is linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Understanding these vascular changes may reveal biomarkers for early detection and treatment.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)blood–brain barrier (BBB)cerebral blood flow (CBF)vascular dementia (VaD)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The cerebral vascular system regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) and maintains the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Vascular pathology and BBB dysregulation are implicated in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of vascular dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, specifically AD and VaD.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular dysfunction in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies examining cerebrovascular changes in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Analysis of the impact of vascular pathology on CBF, BBB integrity, and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Vascular dysfunction, characterized by altered cerebral blood vessel morphology and local cell changes, affects CBF, fluid dynamics, and vascular integrity.
  • Chronic vascular inflammation and dysregulation exacerbate cerebrovascular dysfunction, contributing to cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a significant factor in aging and neurodegenerative diseases like AD and VaD.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction may lead to novel vascular biomarkers for disease prevention and treatment.