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Acute Heart Failure: Diagnostic-Therapeutic Pathways and Preventive Strategies-A Real-World Clinician's Guide
Ciro Mauro1, Salvatore Chianese1,2, Rosangela Cocchia1
1Cardiology Division, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Via Cardarelli, 9, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 11, 2023
Summary
Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common cause of hospital admission for older adults, leading to high morbidity and costs. This review covers AHF diagnosis, management strategies, and prevention to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Acute heart failure (AHF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations in individuals over 65.
- AHF presents with significant clinical heterogeneity, often involving congestion and reduced cardiac output.
- It is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current concepts in the diagnosis and management of AHF.
- To provide guidance for daily clinical practice.
- To identify unmet needs and discuss preventive strategies for AHF.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on AHF diagnosis and treatment.
- Analysis of proposed AHF classification criteria.
- Discussion of therapeutic interventions based on hemodynamic status.
Main Results:
- Peripheral and/or pulmonary congestion are hallmarks of most AHF cases.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and non-invasive imaging.
- Treatment involves intravenous diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes, vasopressors, and mechanical support as needed.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of AHF requires tailored interventions based on patient hemodynamics.
- Addressing unmet needs in AHF care is crucial for improving outcomes.
- Preventive strategies play a role in reducing AHF incidence and hospital admissions.
Keywords:
acute heart failurebiomarkerscardiac ultrasoundcomputer tomographypreventive strategiestherapeutic interventionsMore Related Videos
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