Skin Manifestation of Human Monkeypox

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Monkeypox virus (MPXV) causes a zoonotic infectious disease characterized by rashes.
• Transmission occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact and, less commonly, prolonged respiratory droplet exposure.
• The 2022 outbreak's prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM) raised questions about sexual transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the skin manifestations of monkeypox.
• To describe typical and atypical rashes associated with MPXV infection.
• To highlight varied presentations in specific populations, including children, pregnant women, and individuals with HIV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of research on monkeypox skin manifestations.
• Analysis of typical and atypical rash presentations.
• Examination of clinical data from special populations.

Main Results:

• Monkeypox presents with characteristic, though variable, skin rashes.
• Atypical presentations and diverse manifestations are observed in children, pregnant women, and HIV-co-infected individuals.
• Dermatologists require enhanced familiarity with MPXV skin findings for accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Understanding monkeypox skin manifestations is crucial for early clinical diagnosis.
• Prompt identification aids in managing sporadic cases and monitoring outbreaks.
• Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe complications and mortality.