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Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films Formed by Two-Step Sequential Method: Solvent-Morphology

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|February 11, 2023
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Summary

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films were prepared using different solvents. Tert-butanol solvent yielded larger grains, improving film quality for optoelectronic applications.

Keywords:
SEMXRDformamidinium lead iodidemorphologyperovskitephotophysics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic devices.
  • Film quality, particularly grain size and morphology, significantly impacts device performance.
  • Solvent properties play a crucial role in controlling the crystallization and morphology of perovskite films.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between solvent properties and the morphology of FAPbI3 perovskite films.
  • To optimize the preparation of high-quality FAPbI3 perovskite films for enhanced optoelectronic applications.
  • To identify suitable solvents for achieving larger grain sizes and improved film uniformity.

Main Methods:

  • Two-step sequential deposition method for FAPbI3 perovskite film preparation.
  • Utilized various solvents for formamidinium iodide (FAI) precursor: isopropanol, n-butanol, and tert-butanol.
  • Characterization techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • All tested solvents facilitated the formation of the desired α-phase FAPbI3 perovskite.
  • Film morphology, specifically grain size, was significantly influenced by the choice of solvent.
  • Tert-butanol resulted in the largest grain sizes (2-5 µm) and preferred crystallite orientation, while n-butanol showed incomplete conversion indicated by excess PbI2.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent properties such as viscosity, electric permittivity, and polarizability correlate with the resulting perovskite film's grain size.
  • Tert-butanol is identified as a superior solvent for fabricating large-grained FAPbI3 perovskite films with fewer grain boundaries.
  • The findings are crucial for advancing the performance of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.