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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
The pressure method,...

Hot Weather Concreting

Hot Weather Concreting

Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...

Mass Concreting

Mass Concreting

Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

Thermal Diffusivity of Concrete Samples Assessment Using a Solar Simulator.

Marcin Bilski¹, Przemysław Górnaś¹, Andrzej Pożarycki¹

¹Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 11, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new method to test solar heating effects on concrete thermal properties. Foam concrete

Keywords:

back-calculation cement concrete foam concrete inverse problem solar simulator thermal diffusivity thermal properties

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Thermal Engineering

Background:

Thermal properties of pavement materials are critical for road technologies.
Hybrid pavement systems with asphalt and foam concrete layers necessitate understanding thermal behavior.
Solar heating significantly influences pavement material thermal parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and assess a novel testing methodology for evaluating the impact of solar heating on concrete's thermal properties.
To determine the thermal diffusivity coefficient of concrete samples with varying bulk densities.
To investigate the correlation between bulk density and thermal diffusivity under solar heating.

Main Methods:

Construction of a solar simulator using a multi-source lighting system.
Laboratory testing of concrete samples with different bulk densities under simulated solar radiation.
Numerical analysis to assess heat transfer and thermal diffusivity.
Calculation of the coefficient of determination to quantify the relationship between bulk density and thermal diffusivity.

Main Results:

A strong correlation (R² = 99%) was observed between the bulk density of concrete samples and their thermal diffusivity under solar heating.
The thermal diffusivity of foam concrete samples (0.16–0.52×10⁻⁶ m²/s) was found to be 2.5 to 8 times lower than that of typical cement concrete.
The developed methodology effectively assesses the influence of solar heating on concrete thermal parameters.

Conclusions:

Bulk density is a key factor influencing the thermal diffusivity of concrete under solar heating.
Foam concrete exhibits significantly lower thermal diffusivity compared to typical cement concrete, impacting its performance in hybrid pavement systems.
The new testing methodology provides a reliable means to evaluate the thermal performance of concrete materials for road applications.