Suppression of SnS₂ Secondary Phase on Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Solar Cells Using Multi-Metallic Stacked Nanolayers

In Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) solar cells, it is crucial to suppress the generation of and remove the SnS₂ secondary phase to improve the solar cell characteristics, as the SnS₂ secondary phase affects the barrier for carrier collection and diode characteristics of the device. In this study, the nano-metallic precursor was modified to effectively suppress the generation of the SnS₂ secondary phase on the surface and simultaneously improve the uniformity and quality of the thin film. The CZTS bifacial solar cells prepared via the proposed method exhibited significantly improved junction-rectifying characteristics, as the efficiency was improved to 1.59%. The proposed method to figurremove SnS₂ is effective, simple, and environmentally friendly.