Enhanced Emulsifying Ability of Deoxycholate through Dynamic Interaction with Layered Double Hydroxide

The emulsifying ability of the naturally occurring surfactant deoxycholic acid (DCA) was improved by dynamic interaction with nanometric layered particles, layered double hydroxide (LDH). As DCA molecules are rigid due to the facial configuration of hydrophobic-hydrophilic groups, they tend to form molecular aggregation in an acidic condition or imbalanced water-lipid ratios. In this study, the homogeneous hybrids of DCA and LDH were obtained by the in situ growth of LDH at a DCA molecule. The DCA-LDH hybrid successfully prevented the molecular aggregation of DCA at an acidic pH and imbalanced water-to-oil ratio. The dynamic light scattering showed that the hydrodynamic radius of micelle in the emulsion made with DCA-LDH maintained its small size (<500 nm), while upon pH change and dilution with water, that made with DCA only uncontrollably increased up to ~3000 nm. The polydispersity index value of the DCA-LDH emulsion remained constant (<0.3) after the pH change and dilution with water, indicating the high stability of the formulation. Furthermore, time-dependent turbidity monitoring revealed that the DCA-only formulation suffered from serious coalescence and creaming compared with the DCA-LDH formulation. It is suggested that the dynamic interaction between LDH layers and DCA prevented molecular aggregation under unfavorable conditions for the oil-in-water emulsion.