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Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Lichen-Derived Diffractaic Acid Inhibited Dengue Virus Replication in a Cell-Based System.

Naphat Loeanurit1,2, Truong Lam Tuong3,4, Van-Kieu Nguyen3,5,6

  • 1Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Lichens yield potent antiviral compounds against dengue virus. Diffractaic acid, a lichen-derived depside, shows promise as a lead antiviral for mosquito-borne flaviviruses, inhibiting viral replication.

Keywords:
dengue virusdepsidedepsidonediffractaic aciddrug discovery

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Virology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Dengue virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes significant annual mortality.
  • Lichens produce depsides and depsidones with known antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify lichen-derived depsides and depsidones as inhibitors of dengue virus.
  • To evaluate the antiviral potential of specific lichen compounds against dengue and related viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of 18 depsides and depsidones from four lichen species against dengue virus serotype 2.
  • Characterization of active compounds, including EC50, CC50, and selectivity index (SI) determination.
  • Cell-based assays to elucidate the stage of viral replication targeted by the compounds.

Main Results:

  • Two depsides and one depsidone demonstrated dengue virus serotype 2 inhibition without cytotoxicity.
  • Diffractaic acid, barbatic acid, and Parmosidone C were identified as active compounds.
  • Diffractaic acid exhibited the highest selectivity index (20.59) and broad efficacy against dengue serotypes 1-4, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, targeting viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • Lichen-derived compounds, particularly diffractaic acid, show significant potential as antiviral leads against mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
  • Diffractaic acid's broad efficacy and favorable selectivity index suggest its utility in developing new antiviral therapies.
  • The study indicates that targeting viral replication is a viable strategy for developing inhibitors against these viruses.