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Microorganisms for Ginsenosides Biosynthesis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Luan Luong Chu1,2, Nguyen Quang Huy3,4, Nguyen Huu Tung5

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Microbial production offers an efficient and cost-effective method for manufacturing ginsenosides, potent compounds from Panax species with anticancer properties. This review explores using microbial hosts for ginsenoside production, overcoming limitations of traditional plant extraction.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds from Panax species, possess significant anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
  • Current chemical extraction methods for ginsenosides are environmentally taxing and expensive due to complex downstream processing.
  • The pharmaceutical potential of ginsenosides necessitates sustainable and efficient production strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cell biological mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of ginsenosides.
  • To summarize the current research landscape of microbial production of ginsenosides.
  • To discuss the challenges and future perspectives of utilizing microbial hosts for ginsenoside synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on ginsenoside bioactivity and production methodologies.
  • Analysis of microbial hosts, including native endophytes and genetically engineered microorganisms, for ginsenoside biosynthesis.
  • Evaluation of cell biological mechanisms related to ginsenoside's anticancer effects.

Main Results:

  • Microbial production presents a highly efficient, selective, and time-saving alternative to traditional plant extraction for ginsenosides.
  • Various microbial platforms, encompassing both naturally occurring endophytes and engineered microbes, have demonstrated promise for ginsenoside synthesis.
  • Understanding cell biological mechanisms is crucial for optimizing ginsenoside's therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial production using engineered or native hosts is a viable and advanced approach for sustainable ginsenoside manufacturing.
  • Further research into microbial host optimization and metabolic engineering can unlock the full pharmaceutical potential of ginsenosides.
  • Addressing current challenges in microbial ginsenoside production will pave the way for industrial-scale applications.