Capturing Genetic Diversity in Seed Collections: An Empirical Study of Two Congeners with Contrasting Mating Systems

Plant mating systems shape patterns of genetic diversity and impact the long-term success of populations. As such, they are relevant to the design of seed collections aiming to maximise genetic diversity (e.g., germplasm conservation, ecological restoration). However, for most species, little is known empirically about how variation in mating systems and genetic diversity is distributed. We investigated the relationship between genetic diversity and mating systems in two functionally similar, co-occurring species of Hakea (Proteaceae), and evaluated the extent to which genetic diversity was captured in seeds. We genotyped hundreds of seedlings and mother plants via DArTseq, and developed novel implementations of two approaches to inferring the mating system from SNP data. A striking contrast in patterns of genetic diversity between H. sericea and H. teretifolia was revealed, consistent with a contrast in their mating systems. While both species had mixed mating systems, H. sericea was found to be habitually selfing, while H. teretifolia more evenly employed both selfing and outcrossing. In both species, seed collection schemes maximised genetic diversity by increasing the number of maternal lines and sites sampled, but twice as many sites were needed for the selfing species to capture equivalent levels of genetic variation at a regional scale.