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An Analytical Framework on Utilizing Various Integrated Multi-Trophic Scenarios for Basil Production.

Ștefan-Mihai Petrea1,2, Ira Adeline Simionov1,3, Alina Antache1,4

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Summary

This study introduces AI-driven aquaponics using Rapana venosa shells (R) as a sustainable substrate for basil and sturgeon. The innovative R substrate improved basil growth and quality, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods.

Keywords:
aquaponicsbasilforecasting modelsgrowth bedprediction modelssturgeons

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaponics and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Sustainable Agriculture
  • Waste Valorization in Food Processing

Background:

  • Aquaponic systems integrate aquaculture and hydroponics for sustainable food production.
  • Optimizing nutrient cycling and resource efficiency in aquaponics remains a key challenge.
  • Utilizing industrial waste, such as Rapana venosa shells, can enhance system sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the sustainability of aquaponic basil-sturgeon recirculating systems.
  • To implement AI for operational management and assess a novel R substrate.
  • To evaluate the impact of R substrate on plant growth, quality, and nutrient dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed AI models (ARIMA, MLR, GAM, XGBoost) for biomass forecasting and virtual water quality sensing.
  • Compared Rapana venosa (R) shells against LECA (H) substrate in high (A) and low (B) feed input scenarios.
  • Analyzed nutrient reduction rates, plant biomass, leaf area, mineral content, and phytochemical profiles.

Main Results:

  • AI models demonstrated good accuracy, particularly for N-NO3 prediction; PCA showed dissolved oxygen-pH correlation.
  • R substrate significantly enhanced basil fresh weight (up to 22.59%) and leaf area (up to 9.49%) compared to H.
  • R substrate showed slightly lower N-NH4 and N-NO3 reduction rates but comparable overall nitrogen removal.

Conclusions:

  • Supervised learning frameworks effectively optimize operational management in aquaponic systems.
  • Rapana venosa shells are a viable alternative substrate, improving plant performance and quality.
  • Further research on long-term efficiency and broader application of AI models is recommended.