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Wheat Stem Rust Detection and Race Characterization in Tunisia.

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  • 1National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1002, Tunisia.

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Summary

Climate change facilitates wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis (Pgt), in Tunisia. Monitoring revealed three predominant Pgt races, suggesting exotic origins and climate-driven establishment, necessitating further predictive modeling.

Keywords:
Tunisiaclade prevalencere-emergencestem rustwheat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Climate Change Impact
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Climate change creates favorable conditions for invasive fungal diseases.
  • Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici - Pgt) has re-emerged globally.
  • Sporadic Pgt infections have been noted in Tunisia since 2018.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the occurrence and diversity of Pgt in major Tunisian wheat-growing areas.
  • Identify prevalent Pgt races and their distribution.
  • Assess the potential role of climate factors and exotic incursions.

Main Methods:

  • Field monitoring and sampling in trap nurseries across five locations over two years (2021-2022).
  • Identification of Pgt races using established nomenclature (TTRTF, TKKTF, TKTTF).
  • Analysis of disease incidence and population diversity.

Main Results:

  • Three Pgt races predominated: TTRTF (Clade III-B), TKKTF (Clade IV-F), and TKTTF (Clade IV-B).
  • Clade III-B was most prevalent in 2021 across all sites.
  • In 2022, Pgt was reported only in Beja and Jendouba, with Clade IV-B being dominant.

Conclusions:

  • Low disease incidence and Pgt diversity suggest exotic origins and climate-driven establishment in Tunisia.
  • Further research on Tunisian wheat varieties and weather-based modeling is recommended.
  • Enhanced monitoring and prediction systems are crucial for managing wheat stem rust epidemics in the Mediterranean.