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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Synthesis and Demulsification Properties of Poly (DMDAAC-co-DAMBAC) (9:1) Copolymer.

Xu Jia1,2, Minghuan Qian1, Wenhui Peng1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.

Polymers
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Copolymerization of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and methyl benzyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DAMBAC) enhances polymer molecular weight and lipophilicity. This improved copolymer shows excellent performance in demulsifying crude oil emulsions.

Keywords:
copolymerizationdemulsification performancepoly (DMDAAC-co-DAMBAC)weight-average molecular weight

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) based polymers offer high positive charge density but can suffer from monomer deficiency in applications.
  • Copolymerization is a strategy to enhance polymer properties and overcome limitations of homopolymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and optimize the preparation of poly(DMDAAC-co-DAMBAC) (9:1) copolymer.
  • To investigate the effect of copolymerization on polymer molecular weight, lipophilicity, and demulsification performance.
  • To determine optimal reaction conditions for maximizing weight-average molecular mass (Mw).

Main Methods:

  • Aqueous polymerization method using DMDAAC and DAMBAC monomers with 2,2'-azobis[2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (V50) initiator.
  • Response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize polymerization parameters including initiator concentration, chelating agent, and temperature.
  • Characterization of the copolymer including intrinsic viscosity, double bond conversion, molecular weight, and polydispersity index.

Main Results:

  • Optimized conditions yielded poly(DMDAAC-co-DAMBAC) (9:1) with a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of 5.637 × 10^5 and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.464.
  • The synthesized copolymer achieved a high intrinsic viscosity of 1.780 dL/g and a double bond conversion of 90.25%.
  • The copolymer demonstrated a high demulsification rate of 97.73% for simulated crude oil O/W emulsions.

Conclusions:

  • Copolymerization of DMDAAC with a small amount of DAMBAC significantly enhances the polymer's molecular weight and lipophilicity.
  • The enhanced properties lead to improved performance in demulsifying crude oil emulsions.
  • This copolymerization strategy broadens the application scope of DMDAAC-based polymers.