TriNymAuth: Triple Pseudonym Authentication Scheme for VANETs Based on Cuckoo Filter and Paillier Homomorphic...

Area of Science:

• Computer Science
• Cybersecurity
• Network Security

Background:

• Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) require frequent pseudonym changes for unlinkability due to open wireless communication.
• Traditional identity authentication in VANETs relies on digital certificates or trusted third parties, leading to high storage and communication overhead.
• Ensuring vehicle identity privacy and security while maintaining efficient authentication is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel triple pseudonym authentication scheme for VANETs that enhances privacy, security, and efficiency.
• To reduce the reliance on trusted third parties in VANET identity authentication.
• To address the high overhead associated with traditional authentication methods.

Main Methods:

• The proposed TriNymAuth scheme utilizes a Cuckoo Filter with combined filter-level and bucket-level strategies.
• Paillier homomorphic encryption is integrated for secure authentication processes.
• A triple pseudonym approach (homomorphic, local, and virtual pseudonyms) is employed for robust identity management.

Main Results:

• The Cuckoo Filter insertion overhead is approximately 10 μs, with query overhead in the nanosecond range.
• TriNymAuth demonstrates significant cost advantages, achieving an OBU enrollment cost of 0.884 ms.
• The scheme exhibits the lowest total transmission delay cost in VANETs with data rates up to 180 kbps.

Conclusions:

• TriNymAuth effectively enhances vehicle identity privacy and security in VANETs.
• The scheme offers improved authentication efficiency and reduced dependence on trusted third parties.
• TriNymAuth is particularly suitable for environments with dense traffic, such as shopping malls.