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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

Current Concepts in Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Theofilos Karasavvidis¹, Cale A Pagan Moldenhauer¹, Fares S Haddad²

¹Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.

The Journal of Arthroplasty

|February 11, 2023

Summary

Surgeons are moving beyond traditional neutral mechanical alignment (MA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) towards individualized techniques for better patient outcomes. This shift requires understanding knee phenotypes and a cautious, stepwise approach to implementation.

Keywords:

alignment kinematic knee phenotype personalized arthroplasty total knee arthroplasty

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Last Updated: Aug 10, 2025

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

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Published on: May 5, 2023

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Published on: February 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical engineering

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patient satisfaction is increasingly linked to implant positioning and limb alignment.
Historically, neutral mechanical alignment (MA) was the standard for TKA to ensure implant longevity.
Emerging interest in individualized alignment and new technologies are prompting a departure from classical MA.

Approach:

This review details various TKA alignment techniques.
It introduces the concept of knee phenotypes.
Comparative studies of MA versus individualized alignment are summarized, offering practical integration methods for surgeons.

Key Points:

Understanding knee phenotypes is crucial for personalized TKA.
Individualized alignment may offer advantages over traditional MA.
A gradual, cautious, stepwise approach is recommended for adopting new alignment techniques.

Conclusions:

Limb alignment and implant positioning are central to current TKA discussions.
Surgeons are exploring personalized approaches to TKA to enhance patient satisfaction and outcomes.