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Temporal self and reflected appraisals in euthymic and depressed individuals
Yosef Sokol1, Chynna Levin2, Chayim Rosensweig3
1School of Health Sciences, Touro University, NY, USA; VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, NY, USA.
This study reveals that depressed individuals perceive others view their present selves more positively than they view themselves. Euthymic individuals, however, show alignment between self-perception and perceived appraisal from others.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Temporal self-appraisal (TSA) and reflected appraisal theory (RAT) have been studied independently.
- This research examines the connection between TSA and temporal reflected appraisal (TRA).
- The study investigates how depression influences the TSA-TRA relationship.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correspondence between temporal self-appraisal (TSA) and temporal reflected appraisal (TRA).
- To determine how depression impacts the relationship between TSA and TRA.
- To enhance clinical understanding of identity disruption in depressed individuals.
Main Methods:
- 273 adults completed mood and self-appraisal assessments (TSA and TRA Me/Not Me tasks).
- Repeated measures MANOVAs were employed to analyze between-group differences.
- Depression was assessed via online self-reports.
Main Results:
- Depressed individuals' TSA showed a 'V' shape, while their TRA did not decline from past to present.
- A significant difference emerged in present appraisals: depressed individuals felt others viewed them better than they viewed themselves.
- Euthymic individuals showed no significant difference between TSA and TRA for present self-appraisals, indicating perceived self-other alignment.
Conclusions:
- The relationship between temporal self-appraisal and temporal reflected appraisal varies between euthymic and depressed individuals.
- Depression is associated with a discrepancy where individuals believe others perceive them more positively in the present than they perceive themselves.
- This nuanced understanding can aid clinicians in treating identity disruption and understanding identity development in depressed populations.
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