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Circulating α-Klotho Counteracts Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Sarcopenia.

Yutaka Ohsawa1, Hideaki Ohtsubo1, Asami Munekane1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.

The American Journal of Pathology
|February 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating α-Klotho (c-α-Klotho) counteracts muscle-wasting TGF-β molecules. Inhibiting TGF-β signaling with Ki26894 reverses age-related muscle atrophy and weakness, suggesting a novel therapy for sarcopenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Aging and Longevity
  • Molecular Biology
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • α-Klotho protein is linked to longevity and its deficiency causes premature aging phenotypes, including muscle atrophy.
  • While membrane α-Klotho's role in aging is known, mechanisms behind circulating α-Klotho (c-α-Klotho) decline during senescence are unclear.
  • Skeletal muscle aging involves increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and decreased c-α-Klotho.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms linking senescence, c-α-Klotho loss, and muscle wasting.
  • To explore the inhibitory role of c-α-Klotho against TGF-β-induced muscle aging.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of TGF-β signaling blockade for age-related muscle decline.

Main Methods:

  • Aging wild-type mice were analyzed for changes in c-α-Klotho and Smad2 activation.
  • In vitro myogenesis assays were performed to assess c-α-Klotho's effect on TGF-β molecules.
  • Oral administration of Ki26894, a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor, was tested in α-Klotho deficient and aged mice.

Main Results:

  • Aging mice showed decreased c-α-Klotho and increased Smad2 activation in skeletal muscle.
  • c-α-Klotho was found to suppress muscle-wasting TGF-β ligands and reverse impaired in vitro myogenesis.
  • Ki26894 treatment restored muscle mass and function in aged and α-Klotho deficient mice by inhibiting Smad2 and Cdkn1a (p21).

Conclusions:

  • c-α-Klotho acts as a circulating inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, protecting against sarcopenia.
  • TGF-β blockade using small-molecule inhibitors like Ki26894 shows promise for preventing and treating age-related muscle wasting.
  • Targeting TGF-β signaling represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for age-related muscle dysfunction.