Evaluating the inhibitory potential of natural compound luteolin on human lysozyme fibrillation

Numerous pathophysiological conditions known as amyloidosis, have been connected to protein misfolding leading to aggregation of proteins. Inhibition of cytotoxic aggregates or disaggregation of the preformed fibrils is thus one of the important strategies in the prevention of such diseases. Growing interest and exploration of identification of small molecules mainly natural compounds can prevent or delay amyloid fibril formation. We examined the mechanism of interaction and inhibition of human lysozyme (HL) aggregates with luteolin (LT). Biophysical and computational approaches have been employed to study the effect of LT on HL amyloid aggregation. Transmission Electronic Microscopy, Thioflavin T fluorescence, UV-vis spectroscopy, and RLS demonstrates that LT inhibit HL fibril formation. ANS fluorescence and hemolytic assay was also employed to examine the effect of the LT on toxicity of HL aggregation. Docking and molecular dynamics results showed that LT interacted with HL via hydrophobic and hydrogen interactions, thus reducing fibrillation levels. These findings highlight the benefit of polyphenols as safe therapy for preventing amyloid related diseases.