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Is minimising waste volume for drawing blood samples in critically ill patients feasible?
F J Castro-Olmo1, P Morales-Fernández1, M J Alcaide-Martín2
1Unidad de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Quemados, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
Insights
Reducing the discard volume for central venous catheter blood samples to 1.5 ml is reliable for clinical chemistry, coagulation, and hemogram tests in ICUs. This practice ensures valid results while minimizing waste.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Clinical Pathology
- Medical Device Technology
Background:
- Central venous catheters (CVCs) are routinely used in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for blood sampling.
- Discarding an initial blood volume is standard practice to prevent sample contamination and ensure accurate test results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the validity of blood sample results obtained with a reduced discard volume (1.5 ml) from temporary CVCs.
- To compare the accuracy of biochemical, coagulation, and hemogram parameters using a lower discard volume versus standard practice.
Main Methods:
- A quasi-experimental study involving 65 adult ICU patients with triple lumen CVCs.
- Two blood samples were collected consecutively from the distal lumen: one with a 1.5 ml discard and another with a standard discard volume.
- Paired t-test, Bland-Altman plots, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for data analysis.
Main Results:
- While statistically significant differences were noted for chlorine, prothrombin time, and prothrombin activity, the ICC exceeded 0.9 for all variables.
- No tested parameter exceeded the established Reference Change Value (RCV), indicating acceptable variation between samples.
- The reduced discard volume of 1.5 ml demonstrated reliable results across tested parameters.
Conclusions:
- A discard volume of 1.5 ml is reliable for obtaining blood samples through central venous catheters for routine laboratory tests.
- This finding supports optimizing blood draw protocols in ICUs to reduce waste without compromising diagnostic accuracy.
Introduction:
Drawing blood samples through a central venous catheter (CVC) is a customary practice in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). It is indicated to discard a volume of waste blood to avoid interference in the results.
Aim:
To determine whether a lower discard volume for obtaining blood samples from temporary CVCs placed into the internal jugular, femoral or subclavian vein offers valid results.
Method:
A quasi-experimental prospective cross-sectional study for which sixty-five patients of over 18 years of age in ICUs, who had been fitted with a triple lumen central venous catheter, were recruited over a period of eight months. Two consecutive blood samples were extracted with tubes for biochemistry, coagulation and hemogram from each patient from the distal lumen. The first sample was obtained with a discarded waste of 1.5 ml from a total extracted volume of 10.2 ml, similar to the usual waste in our ambit (10 ml). Subsequently the second sample was obtained. The paired t-test was used to analyse the data. The Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to measure the agreement between methods. The reference change value (RCV) was established as the admissible limit of variation between the pairs of samples.
Results:
A total of 65 sample pairs were drawn (intervention-control). The paired t-test found statistically significant differences with a significance level of α = .05 for chlorine (-.536; .012); prothrombin time (-.092; .019) and prothrombin activity (.284; 1.375).The ICC was greater than .9 in all the variables and the limit determined for the RCV was not surpassed by any value.
Conclusions:
The results show the reliability of the blood samples drawn with a discard volume of 1.5 ml.
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