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Related Concept Videos

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

218
Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
218
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

310
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
310
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

262
Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
262
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

210
In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
210
Design of Transmission Shafts - Stress Analysis01:15

Design of Transmission Shafts - Stress Analysis

470
Designing a transmission shaft requires a thorough understanding of the stresses induced by bending moments and torques, especially in systems where power is transferred through gears. These forces create force-couple systems at the centers of the shaft's cross-sections, leading to both transverse and torsional loading. Although shearing stresses from transverse loads are typically smaller than those from torques and are often overlooked, the significant normal stresses from these loads...
470
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

406
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
406

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes
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Increasing reliability of axially compressed cylinders through stiffness tailoring and optimization.

R L Lincoln1, P M Weaver1, A Pirrera1

  • 1Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, BS8 1TR Bristol, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|February 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The rapid tow shearing (RTS) process enhances cylindrical shell design by reducing imperfection sensitivity. This fibre-steering technique improves reliability and stiffness, outperforming traditional methods for axially compressed shells.

Keywords:
bucklingstiffness tailoring

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Area of Science:

  • Composite Materials Engineering
  • Structural Mechanics
  • Aerospace Engineering

Background:

  • Axially compressed cylindrical shells exhibit significant imperfection sensitivity, limiting their structural performance.
  • Traditional composite manufacturing methods often struggle to optimize shell structures for both strength and stiffness.
  • The rapid tow shearing (RTS) process offers a novel approach for manufacturing complex composite structures with tailored properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of the rapid tow shearing (RTS) process in mitigating the imperfection sensitivity of axially compressed cylindrical shells.
  • To optimize the design of RTS-manufactured shells using a genetic algorithm considering manufacturing imperfections and axial stiffness.
  • To compare the reliability and performance of RTS-enabled shells against traditional straight fibre (SF) and quasi-isotropic laminate designs.

Main Methods:

  • The RTS process was employed to deposit curvilinear carbon fibre tapes, creating embedded rings and stringers with fibre-angle-thickness coupling.
  • A genetic algorithm was utilized to maximize the 99.9% reliability load, incorporating realistic manufacturing imperfections and an axial stiffness penalty.
  • The first-order second-moment method was applied to estimate the 99.9% reliability load, with buckling data normalized by mass and thickness.

Main Results:

  • Optimized SF and RTS laminates demonstrated a 6% and 8% higher 99.9% normalized reliability load, respectively, compared to a quasi-isotropic laminate.
  • Relaxing the axial stiffness penalty further increased performance, with RTS cylinders exceeding the quasi-isotropic laminate by 37%.
  • Improvements were primarily attributed to a significant reduction in the variance of the buckling-load distribution, highlighting reduced imperfection sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The RTS process is highly effective in reducing the imperfection sensitivity of axially compressed cylindrical shells.
  • Fibre-steered composite structures manufactured via RTS offer substantial improvements in reliability and performance compared to conventional designs.
  • This study demonstrates the potential of RTS for creating lighter, stiffer, and more reliable shell structures through advanced material tailoring.