Limited Consistency and Strength of Neural Oscillations During Sustained Visual Attention in Schizophrenia

Neural oscillations support perception, attention, and higher-order decision making. Aberrations in the strength or consistency of these oscillations in response to stimuli may underlie impaired visual perception and attention in schizophrenia. Here, we examined the phase and power of alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) as well as aspects of beta and theta frequency oscillations during a demanding visual sustained attention task.

Patients with schizophrenia (n = 74) and healthy control participants (n = 68) completed the degraded stimulus continuous performance task during electroencephalography. We used time-frequency analysis to evaluate the consistency (intertrial phase coherence) of the alpha cycle shortly after stimulus presentation (50-250 ms). For oscillation strength, we examined event-related desynchronization in a later window associated with decision making (360-700 ms).

Alpha intertrial phase coherence was reduced in schizophrenia, and similar reductions were observed in theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13-20 Hz), suggesting a lack of responsiveness in slower oscillations to visual stimuli. Alpha and beta event-related desynchronization were also reduced in schizophrenia and associated with worse task performance, increased symptoms, and poorer cognition, suggesting that limited responsiveness of oscillations is related to impairments in the disorder. Individuals with lower intertrial phase coherence had slower resting-state alpha rhythms consistent with dysfunctional oscillations persisting across default and task-related brain states.

In schizophrenia, abnormalities in the phase consistency and strength of slower oscillations during visual perception are related to symptoms and cognitive functioning. Altered visual perception and impaired attention in the disorder may be the consequence of aberrant slower oscillations that fail to dynamically reset and modulate in response to stimuli.