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Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
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[Vaccines against monkeypox].

Jordi Reina1, Carla Iglesias1

  • 1Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidat Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, España.

Medicina Clinica
|February 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Current monkeypox virus vaccines, including the non-replicative MVA-BN, are being evaluated for efficacy and safety. The 2022 epidemic highlights the need for effective vaccines against this zoonotic virus.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus shares 90% genomic homology with smallpox virus and is a zoonosis.
  • Vaccinia poxvirus-based vaccines were used for smallpox eradication but are no longer widely used.
  • Current monkeypox vaccines are categorized by replication potential: replicative (ACAM2000), minimally replicative (LC16m8), and non-replicative (MVA-BN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current monkeypox virus vaccines in light of the 2022 epidemic.
  • To assess the role of existing vaccines in preventing or attenuating monkeypox disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of World Health Organization (WHO) vaccine classifications.
  • Analysis of vaccine efficacy and reactogenicity in the context of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak.
Keywords:
Monkeypox virusVaccinationVaccinesVacunaciónVacunasViruela del mono

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Main Results:

  • The 2022 epidemic revealed a need for vaccines with proven efficacy and low reactogenicity.
  • Non-replicative vaccines like MVA-BN are currently in use.

Conclusions:

  • Existing vaccines, particularly MVA-BN, may be crucial for pre-exposure prophylaxis in close contacts of confirmed monkeypox cases.
  • Further evaluation of vaccine efficacy and reactogenicity is warranted for the current outbreak.