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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

211
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
211
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
227
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

515
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Clinical Course and Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis Resembling Microscopic Colitis.

Thomas W Fredrick1, Guilherme P Ramos2, Manuel B Braga Neto2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Crohn'S & Colitis 360
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This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic colitis (MC) can develop after cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This condition often causes severe symptoms, requiring hospitalization and steroid treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Microscopic colitis (MC) is linked to increased gut immune activity.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate the immune system for cancer treatment.
  • The role of ICIs in MC development requires further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of microscopic colitis (MC) following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series.
  • Reviewed endoscopically and histologically confirmed MC cases post-ICI administration.
  • Analyzed clinical notes and medication records for patient data and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen cases of de novo MC were identified after ICI therapy.
  • 95% of patients required steroids, 53% were hospitalized, and one mortality occurred.
  • Symptoms began a median of 160 days post-ICI initiation and 53 days post-last dose, with a median symptom duration of 125 days.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic colitis is a potential adverse effect of ICI therapy.
  • MC post-ICI often presents severely, necessitating hospitalization and potentially prolonged steroid or immunomodulator treatment.
  • Diarrhea after ICI therapy warrants prompt endoscopic evaluation and treatment due to observed disease severity.