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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
08:43

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Preclinical Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Nested Case-Control Study.

David Lundgren1, Lovisa Widbom2, Johan Hultdin2

  • 1Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Crohn'S & Colitis 360
|February 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Early detection of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be possible. Inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin in plasma show changes years before IBD diagnosis in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinCrohn’s diseasealbuminbiomarkerscalprotectininflammatory bowel diseaseulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, often after significant disease progression.
  • Identifying preclinical markers could enable earlier intervention and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether plasma inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], calprotectin, albumin) indicate subclinical inflammation preceding IBD onset.
  • To assess the predictive value of these markers for the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study analyzed plasma samples from 96 individuals who later developed IBD (UC or CD) and matched controls.
  • Samples were collected 1-15 years prior to clinical diagnosis and tested for hs-CRP, calprotectin, and albumin.

Main Results:

  • Individuals who developed CD showed significantly higher hs-CRP levels pre-diagnosis.
  • Those who later developed UC had significantly lower albumin levels pre-diagnosis.
  • Plasma calprotectin levels did not differ between future IBD patients and controls in the preclinical period.

Conclusions:

  • Preclinical elevations in hs-CRP (for CD) and reductions in albumin (for UC) suggest low-grade systemic inflammation occurs years before IBD clinical manifestation.
  • These findings highlight potential biomarkers for early IBD detection and risk stratification.