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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Archaic Introgression Shaped Human Circadian Traits.

Keila Velazquez-Arcelay1, Laura L Colbran2, Evonne McArthur3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Archaic hominin DNA integrated into modern humans, influencing circadian gene regulation and chronotypes. Introgressed variants, particularly those increasing morningness, suggest adaptation to new environments.

Keywords:
Neanderthalsadaptive evolutionadaptive introgressionchronotypecircadian biologygene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Human evolution
  • Genomics
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Modern humans interbred with archaic hominins (Neanderthals, Denisovans) after migrating from Africa.
  • Archaic DNA integrated into modern human genomes, potentially aiding adaptation to Eurasian environments.
  • The role of archaic introgression in human circadian biology and chronotypes remains largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Archaic and modern humans exhibit differences in circadian gene regulation.
  • Archaic introgression significantly contributed to variation in human chronotypes through coordinated genetic effects.
  • These findings highlight the adaptive significance of archaic introgression in human evolution.