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Simple Affinity-Based Method for Concentrating Viruses from Wastewater Using Engineered Curli Fibers.

Daniel P Birnbaum1, Katherine J Vilardi2, Christopher L Anderson2

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.

ACS ES&T Water
|February 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method for concentrating viruses from wastewater using engineered bacterial curli fibers. This simple, rapid technique shows promise for improving infectious disease surveillance and diagnostics.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2curli fibersnanobodyvirus concentrationwastewater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Wastewater surveillance effectively tracks infectious viral diseases in communities.
  • Current methods often require a concentration step to enrich viral particles from wastewater.
  • Existing concentration techniques can be complex and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and efficient method for concentrating viruses from wastewater.
  • To utilize bacterial curli fibers functionalized with nanobodies for viral capture.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of this method for different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered bacterial curli fibers to display nanobodies specific for viral coat proteins (bacteriophage MS2) or spike proteins (SARS-CoV-2).
  • Developed a simple spin-down protocol using functionalized curli fibers for viral concentration.
  • Tested the efficacy of the method in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and a wastewater matrix.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient concentration of bacteriophage MS2 using nanobody-functionalized curli fibers.
  • Successfully produced curli fibers capable of binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, indicating system versatility.
  • The protocol is rapid, operates under ambient conditions, and uses components from bacterial culture.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered curli fibers offer a simple, rapid, and effective method for concentrating viruses from wastewater.
  • This approach presents a promising alternative to existing viral concentration techniques.
  • Further research and optimization are warranted for field-relevant applications in infectious disease surveillance.