Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2025

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

259

Metabolic Consequences of Pediatric Obesity: A Review of Pathophysiology, Screening, and Treatment

Naiomi Gunaratne, Dianne Deplewski

    Pediatric Annals
    |February 13, 2023
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pediatric obesity is rising, leading to adult-like metabolic issues like type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease in children. Early screening and treatment are crucial for managing these conditions and related endocrine problems.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Diseases

    Background:

    • Increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity over the past 30 years.
    • Metabolic consequences previously seen in adults now emerging in childhood.
    • Urgent need for pediatricians to manage obesity-related metabolic complications.

    Approach:

    • Review of inflammation and insulin resistance in pediatric obesity.
    • Exploration of pathophysiology for type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD.
    • Discussion of screening and treatment modalities for these conditions.

    Key Points:

    • Pediatric obesity is linked to type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
    • Understanding inflammation and insulin resistance is key to these conditions.
    • Endocrine comorbidities like PCOS, precocious puberty, and accelerated growth are also highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatricians must be equipped to screen and treat metabolic issues arising from childhood obesity.
    • Comprehensive management includes addressing both metabolic and endocrine comorbidities.
    • Early intervention is vital for improving long-term health outcomes in affected children.

    More Related Videos

    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study09:36

    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

    Published on: February 2, 2017

    27.2K
    Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes08:30

    Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

    Published on: March 15, 2018

    14.2K

    Related Concept Videos

    Obesity01:24

    Obesity

    The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
    566
    Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

    Inborn Errors of Metabolism

    Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
    218
    Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

    Pathophysiology of Diabetes

    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
    Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
    1.1K
    Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

    Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

    The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
    Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
    325
    Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

    Overview of Lipid Metabolism

    Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
    Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
    Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
    2.0K
    Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

    Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

    For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
    628