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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Chiral-phonon-activated spin Seebeck effect.

Kyunghoon Kim1,2, Eric Vetter2,3, Liang Yan2,4

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral phonons in hybrid perovskites generate spin currents from heat gradients without magnetic materials. This discovery offers a new pathway for spin caloritronics, potentially surpassing existing spin Seebeck effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Spin caloritronics explores spin and heat current interactions.
  • Chiral phonons in non-magnetic materials can generate spin currents via thermal gradients.
  • This offers an alternative to ferromagnetic contacts for spin generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate spin current generation using chiral phonons in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
  • To investigate the influence of chirality and magnetic fields on the generated spin current.

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting a two-dimensional layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite with chiral cations to a thermal gradient.
  • Observing and quantifying the generated spin currents.

Main Results:

  • Successfully observed spin currents generated by chiral phonons.
  • Demonstrated a strong dependence of the spin current on film chirality and external magnetic fields.
  • Observed a spin current coefficient significantly larger than the spin Seebeck effect.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral phonons in hybrid perovskites are a viable mechanism for spin generation.
  • This research opens new avenues for spin caloritronic applications without magnetic materials.
  • The findings highlight the potential of chiral phonons for efficient spin current generation.