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    Binary geometric-phase holograms (bin-GPHs) using liquid crystal polymers demonstrate polarization-independent diffraction. These novel diffractive optics elements offer scalable fabrication for advanced display technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Diffractive optics
    • Liquid crystal polymers
    • Geometric phase holography

    Background:

    • Pancharatnam-Berry (geometric) phase enables novel characteristics in diffractive optical elements.
    • Binary sampling of geometric-phase holograms (GPHs) can yield polarization-independent properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate binary geometric-phase holograms (bin-GPHs) fabricated with anisotropic liquid crystal polymers.
    • Analyze optical properties and experimental performance of these novel bin-GPHs.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation and simulation of ideal binary polarization gratings.
    • Fabrication and experimental characterization of bin-GPH elements, including gratings and lenses.
    • Utilizing anisotropic liquid crystal polymers for GPH realization.

    Main Results:

    • Ideal binary polarization gratings exhibit 81% cumulative first-order efficiency and polarization-independent diffraction with a π-switching scheme.
    • Fabricated non-ideal bin-GPHs achieve near-maximum theoretical diffraction efficiency.
    • Demonstrated tunable polarization outputs and innate odd diffractive orders.

    Conclusions:

    • Anisotropic bin-GPHs offer a simple and scalable fabrication method.
    • These elements show potential for next-generation near-eye displays, enabling polarization-invariant beam-steering and waveguides.