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Refractive axicon for X-ray microscopy applications: design, optimization, and experiment.

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    Refractive axicons can shape synchrotron X-ray beams for transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). This innovation addresses challenges from upgraded synchrotron facilities, improving X-ray intensity use in TXM setups.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • X-ray Physics

    Background:

    • Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) relies on condenser optics to focus synchrotron X-rays.
    • Future diffraction-limited storage rings will deliver smaller X-ray beams, challenging current TXM condenser designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate refractive axicons as X-ray beam shapers for TXM.
    • To adapt TXM setups for smaller X-ray beams from advanced synchrotron sources.
    • To optimize axicon designs for efficient X-ray intensity utilization.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical exploration and numerical simulations of axicon designs.
    • Fabrication of refractive axicons using two-photon polymerization 3D printing.
    • Characterization of fabricated axicons at a synchrotron beamline.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the use of refractive axicons to shape X-ray beams for condenser apertures.
    • Explored multiple axicon designs for improved X-ray intensity matching.
    • Successfully fabricated and characterized axicons on silicon nitride membranes.

    Conclusions:

    • Refractive axicons are a viable solution for shaping synchrotron X-ray beams in TXM.
    • This approach enhances the adaptability of TXM to next-generation synchrotron light sources.
    • The developed axicons enable more efficient use of X-ray intensity in microscopy applications.